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Antimicrobial resistance and minimum inhibitory concentrations of bacteria isolated from bustards in the United Arab Emirates. Bailey TA, Silvanose C, Wernery U, Samour JH, Naldo J. Wildlife Veterinary Research Institute, Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents of bacteria isolated from clinical and postmortem cases of five species of bustards maintained in captivity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 1995 to 1997 was determined by disc sensitivity. Of 226 isolates, 169 (74.8%) were gram-negative bacilli, with the majority identified as Escherichia coli (28.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%). The isolates of E. coli showed a high prevalence of resistance to amoxycillin (69%), tetracycline (66.7%), and sulphamethoxazole (43.3%). Moderate resistance to enrofloxacin was observed in E. coli (30%) and P. aeruginosa (19%) isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to seven antimicrobial agents were determined for 133 bacterial isolates from bustards during 1996 to 1997. Enrofloxacin (concentration required to inhibit 50% of the isolates [MIC50] < 0.5 microgram/ml) and gentamicin (MIC50 < or = 1.0 microgram/ml) exhibited good activity against both gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci isolated from bustards. Enrofloxacin (MIC50 < or = 1.5 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (MIC50 < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml), and piperacillin (MIC50 < or = 4.0 micrograms/ml) exhibited good activity against P. aeruginosa isolates. Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid showed good activity (concentration required to inhibit 90% of the isolates [MIC90] < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml) against gram-positive cocci and moderate activity (MIC50 < or = 3.0 micrograms/ml) against E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella spp. Amoxycillin exhibited good activity (MIC50 < or = 0.5 microgram/ml) against gram-positive organisms and moderate activity (MIC50 < or = 1.0 microgram/ml) against Salmonella spp. These results provide information on the prevalence of resistant bacterial strains and the MICs of organisms derived from bustards in the UAE. Source: Avian Dis. 1998 Oct-Dec;42(4):690-7. The effect of gentamicin on acetylsalicylic acid-induced platelet antiaggregatory action in mouse pial arterioles.
El-Sabban FM,
Ali BH,
Bashir AK,
Tanira MO. Gentamicin (G) treatment (5, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg[-1] day[-1] given intramuscularly for 6 days) was shown to cause a dose-related platelet proaggregatory effect in mouse pial microcirculation. This was associated with a reduction in mouse renal function, indicated by high plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. When G was given at the same doses but as a single injection, it caused no change in renal function or platelet aggregation. Gentamicin (20 and 80 mg kg/day, given intramuscularly for 6 days) significantly (P < 0.05) impeded the platelet antiaggregatory effect of acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg kg[-1], intraperitoneally). Source: Life Sci. 1998;62(15):1361-9. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enterotoxicity and genetic variation among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Jordan
A total of 100 Jordanian clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates was analysed for the presence of the enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sec, sed and see using multiplex PCR. Twenty-three isolates (23 %) were potentially enterotoxigenic. The prevalence of sea, sec and sea plus sec among the total clinical isolates was 15, 4 and 4 %, respectively. None of the isolates harboured sed, seb or see genes. S. aureus isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to test whether isolates harbouring the toxin genes were genetically clustered. A total of 13 genotypes was identified at a 47 % similarity level. Genotypes I and V accounted for the largest number of enterotoxigenic isolates (19 %). This study has demonstrated the genetic diversity of Jordanian clinical S. aureus isolates and shown that the presence of the toxin genes is not genotype specific. Abbreviations: RAPD, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; SE, staphylococcal enterotoxin. J Med Microbiol 55 (2006), 183-187; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46183-0 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Class 1 Integrons Found in Escherichia coli Isolates from Human Stools and Drinking Water Sources in Jordan Journal of chemotherapy Vol. 18, 5 pp. 468- 472 (2006) A.A. SHEHABI J.F. ODEH M. FAYYAD This study demonstrates that Escherichia coli isolates from human stools showed mostly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and significant rates of resistance (32%-67%, P<0.05) than Escherichia coli water isolates in Jordan, as follows: ampicillin (67% vs 28%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (67% vs 28%) nalidixic acid (63% vs 20%), cefuroxime (32% vs 4%), gentamicin (32% vs 17%), norfloxacin (32% vs 12%) and tetracycline (33% vs 16%). The prevalence of integron integrase genes (Intl1 in these isolates was also significantly higher in patients’ stools (67%, P <0.05) than in water (36%), but the distribution of Sul 1/Sul 2 or both in association with postive Intl1 and resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole was not significantly higher (74% versus 62%, P <0.05) in isolates from stool and water. Plasmid profiles of representative multiresistant E. coli isolates from both sources indicated the presence of two common plasmids (49,25 kb) in 11/12 (91.6%), and all E. coli transconjugants were positive for class 1 integron markers (Intl 1, Sul 1 and Sul2) and mostly associated with three transferable drug-resistant determinants to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. These results indicate that class 1 integrons with conjugative R-plasmids are common and transferable among commensal antimicrobial multiresistant E. coli isolated from human feces and drinking water sources in Jordan.
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